C++
A high-level language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell LABS beginning in 1979. C++ further extends and improves C language, is an object-oriented programming language. C++ runs on multiple platforms, such as Windows, MAC operating systems, and various versions of UNIX.
Introduction to C++
C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, irregular programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
C++ is considered to be an intermediate language, which combines the features of high - and low-level languages.
C++ was designed and developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. C++ further expanded and improved the C language, initially named C with classes, and later changed to C++ in 1983.
C++ is a superset of C, and in fact, any legal C program is a legal C++ program.
Note: Programming languages that use static typing perform type checking at compile time, not at run time.
Object-oriented programming
C++ fully supports object-oriented programming, including four features of object-oriented development:
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of combining data and methods, hiding implementation details from the outside, and exposing only the interfaces provided to the outside world. This improves security, reliability, and flexibility.
Inheritance: Inheritance is the derivation of new classes from existing classes, which have the properties and methods of the existing classes, and can extend or modify these properties and methods. This improves code reusability and extensibility.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism is when the same operation acts on different objects and can be interpreted and implemented differently. It can be implemented through interfaces or inheritance, which can improve the flexibility and readability of code.
- Abstraction: Abstraction is the extraction of common features from concrete instances to form abstract classes or interfaces to facilitate code reuse and extension. Abstract classes and interfaces allow programmers to focus on high-level design and business logic without having to focus on the underlying implementation details.
Standard library
Standard C++ consists of three important parts:
The core language provides all the building blocks, including variables, data types, constants, and so on. The C++ standard library provides a large number of functions for manipulating files, strings, and so on. The Standard Template Library (STL) provides a large number of methods for manipulating data structures, etc. ANSI standard The ANSI standard is designed to ensure portability in C++ - the code you write will compile on Mac, UNIX, Windows, and Alpha computers.
Because the ANSI standard has been in stable use for a long time, all major C++ compiler manufacturers support the ANSI standard.
Learn C++
The key to learning C++ is to understand the concepts without delving too deeply into the technical details of the language.
The purpose of learning a programming language is to become a better programmer, that is, to be able to design and implement new systems and maintain old systems more efficiently.
C++ supports many programming styles. You can write code using the programming style of any of the languages, such as Fortran, C, Smalltalk, etc. Each style can effectively ensure the efficiency of running time and space efficiency.
Use of C++
The C++ language is widely used in many industries and fields, including:
Game development: C++ is one of the most commonly used programming languages in the field of game development because of its efficient performance and ability to directly control hardware. Many major game engines, such as Unreal Engine and Unity, are written in C++.
Embedded systems development: C++ can play an important role in embedded systems such as smartphones, automobiles, robotics, and home appliances. Because embedded systems often have strict resource constraints and real-time requirements, C++ 's efficient performance and memory control capabilities are very useful.
Financial field: C++ is widely used in the financial field, such as high-frequency trading, algorithmic trading and risk management. Since these applications require efficient performance and direct control over the hardware, C++ is a suitable choice.
Graphics Image processing: C++ can be used to develop graphics and image processing applications in the fields of computer vision, computer graphics, and artificial intelligence. Since these applications require efficient computing power and control over the hardware, C++ is a good choice.
Scientific Computing and numerical analysis: C++ can be used to develop scientific computing and numerical analysis applications in areas such as numerical simulation and high-performance computing. Since these applications require efficient computing power and direct control over the hardware, the C++ language is a good choice.